A retinal break is any disruption in the retina, such as a hole or tear (Tehr). If you're highly nearsighted, have had cataract surgery, or have suffered an eye injury, you may be predisposed to developing retinal tears. Some tears develop from thinning areas at the edge of the retina, while others occur as the result of traction of the vitreous (VIH-tree-us) gel on the retina. Some diabetics develop abnormal scar tissue, which can contract (kun-TRACT) and cause a retinal tear. Sometimes a small cyst or hole develops in the center of the macula (MACK-you-luh), the part of the retina responsible for central vision. A retinal tear is serious because it has the potential to lead to a complete retinal detachment. Fluid can pass through the tear and accumulate beneath the retina, eventually causing it to separate from the underlying layers of the eye. Retinal tears may develop with no symptoms and usually are discovered only as part of an examination by an M.D. (M-D). Tears may be accompanied by flashing lights or floaters. If it's a macular tear in particular, words in a book may seem distorted or appear to be missing. If you're experiencing any vision problems such as these, see your eye doctor for a complete, dilated eye examination that includes a retinal evaluation. Treatment of retinal tears varies, depending on the severity and location of the tear. If it's not too serious, it may simply be observed over time. Other tears may require laser treatment to wall off the tear from the surrounding retina and prevent passage of fluid under the retina. Others may require a surgical procedure to prevent or limit the retina from becoming detached. Treatment for macular holes is limited because of potential complications of the procedure, so it's usually reserved for those whose vision is already severely diminished.
